The default fonts that ship with X11 are less than ideal for typical desktop
publishing applications. Large presentation fonts show up jagged and unprofessional
looking, and small fonts in Netscape® are almost completely unintelligible. However,
there are several free, high quality Type1 (PostScript®) fonts available which can be readily used with
X11. For instance, the URW font collection (x11-fonts/urwfonts) includes high quality versions of standard
type1 fonts (Times Roman®, Helvetica®, Palatino® and
others). The Freefonts collection (x11-fonts/freefonts) includes many more fonts, but most of them
are intended for use in graphics software such as the Gimp,
and are not complete enough to serve as screen fonts. In addition, X11 can be configured
to use TrueType® fonts with a minimum of effort. For
more details on this, see the
X(7) manual page
or the section on TrueType
fonts.
To install the above Type1 font collections from the ports collection, run the
following commands:
# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts
# make install clean
And likewise with the freefont or other collections. To have the X server detect these
fonts, add an appropriate line to the X server configuration file (/etc/X11/xorg.conf), which reads:
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/URW/"
Alternatively, at the command line in the X session run:
% xset fp+ /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/URW
% xset fp rehash
This will work but will be lost when the X session is closed, unless it is added to
the startup file (~/.xinitrc for a normal startx session, or ~/.xsession when
logging in through a graphical login manager like XDM). A
third way is to use the new /usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf
file: see the section on anti-aliasing.
Xorg has built in support for rendering TrueType fonts. There are two different modules that can enable
this functionality. The freetype module is used in this example because it is more
consistent with the other font rendering back-ends. To enable the freetype module just
add the following line to the "Module" section of the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file.
Load "freetype"
Now make a directory for the TrueType fonts (for
example, /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType) and copy all of the
TrueType fonts into this directory. Keep in mind that
TrueType fonts cannot be directly taken from a Macintosh®; they must be in UNIX®/MS-DOS®/Windows® format for use by X11. Once the files have been
copied into this directory, use ttmkfdir to create a fonts.dir file, so that the X font renderer knows that these new
files have been installed. ttmkfdir is available from the
FreeBSD Ports Collection as x11-fonts/ttmkfdir.
# cd /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
# ttmkfdir -o fonts.dir
Now add the TrueType directory to the font path. This
is just the same as described above for Type1 fonts,
that is, use
% xset fp+ /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
% xset fp rehash
or add a FontPath line to the xorg.conf file.
That's it. Now Netscape, Gimp, StarOffice™, and all of the other X applications
should now recognize the installed TrueType fonts.
Extremely small fonts (as with text in a high resolution display on a web page) and
extremely large fonts (within StarOffice) will look much better now.
Updated by Joe Marcus Clarke.
Anti-aliasing has been available in X11 since XFree86™ 4.0.2. However, font configuration was
cumbersome before the introduction of XFree86 4.3.0. Beginning with XFree86 4.3.0, all fonts in X11 that are found in /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/ and ~/.fonts/
are automatically made available for anti-aliasing to Xft-aware applications. Not all
applications are Xft-aware, but many have received Xft support. Examples of Xft-aware
applications include Qt 2.3 and higher (the toolkit for the KDE desktop), GTK+ 2.0 and higher (the toolkit for the GNOME desktop), and Mozilla 1.2 and
higher.
In order to control which fonts are anti-aliased, or to configure anti-aliasing
properties, create (or edit, if it already exists) the file /usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf. Several advanced features of the
Xft font system can be tuned using this file; this section describes only some simple
possibilities. For more details, please see
fonts-conf(5).
This file must be in XML format. Pay careful attention to case, and make sure all tags
are properly closed. The file begins with the usual XML header followed by a DOCTYPE
definition, and then the <fontconfig> tag:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
As previously stated, all fonts in /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/
as well as ~/.fonts/ are already made available to Xft-aware
applications. If you wish to add another directory outside of these two directory trees,
add a line similar to the following to /usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf:
<dir>/path/to/my/fonts</dir>
After adding new fonts, and especially new font directories, you should run the
following command to rebuild the font caches:
# fc-cache -f
Anti-aliasing makes borders slightly fuzzy, which makes very small text more readable
and removes “staircases” from large text, but can cause eyestrain if applied
to normal text. To exclude font sizes smaller than 14 point from anti-aliasing, include
these lines:
<match target="font">
<test name="size" compare="less">
<double>14</double>
</test>
<edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
<bool>false</bool>
</edit>
</match>
<match target="font">
<test name="pixelsize" compare="less" qual="any">
<double>14</double>
</test>
<edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
<bool>false</bool>
</edit>
</match>
Spacing for some monospaced fonts may also be inappropriate with anti-aliasing. This
seems to be an issue with KDE, in particular. One possible fix
for this is to force the spacing for such fonts to be 100. Add the following lines:
<match target="pattern" name="family">
<test qual="any" name="family">
<string>fixed</string>
</test>
<edit name="family" mode="assign">
<string>mono</string>
</edit>
</match>
<match target="pattern" name="family">
<test qual="any" name="family">
<string>console</string>
</test>
<edit name="family" mode="assign">
<string>mono</string>
</edit>
</match>
(this aliases the other common names for fixed fonts as "mono"), and then add:
<match target="pattern" name="family">
<test qual="any" name="family">
<string>mono</string>
</test>
<edit name="spacing" mode="assign">
<int>100</int>
</edit>
</match>
Certain fonts, such as Helvetica, may have a problem when anti-aliased. Usually this
manifests itself as a font that seems cut in half vertically. At worst, it may cause
applications such as Mozilla to crash. To avoid this, consider
adding the following to local.conf:
<match target="pattern" name="family">
<test qual="any" name="family">
<string>Helvetica</string>
</test>
<edit name="family" mode="assign">
<string>sans-serif</string>
</edit>
</match>
Once you have finished editing local.conf make sure you end
the file with the </fontconfig> tag. Not doing this will
cause your changes to be ignored.
The default font set that comes with X11 is not very desirable when it comes to
anti-aliasing. A much better set of default fonts can be found in the x11-fonts/bitstream-vera port. This port will install a /usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf file if one does not exist already.
If the file does exist, the port will create a /usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf-vera file. Merge the contents of
this file into /usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf, and the
Bitstream fonts will automatically replace the default X11 Serif, Sans Serif, and
Monospaced fonts.
Finally, users can add their own settings via their personal .fonts.conf files. To do this, each user should simply create a ~/.fonts.conf. This file must also be in XML format.
One last point: with an LCD screen, sub-pixel sampling may be desired. This basically
treats the (horizontally separated) red, green and blue components separately to improve
the horizontal resolution; the results can be dramatic. To enable this, add the line
somewhere in the local.conf file:
<match target="font">
<test qual="all" name="rgba">
<const>unknown</const>
</test>
<edit name="rgba" mode="assign">
<const>rgb</const>
</edit>
</match>
Note: Depending on the sort of display, rgb may need
to be changed to bgr, vrgb or vbgr: experiment and see which works best.
Anti-aliasing should be enabled the next time the X server is started. However,
programs must know how to take advantage of it. At present, the Qt toolkit does, so the
entire KDE environment can use anti-aliased fonts. GTK+ and GNOME can also be made to use anti-aliasing via the
“Font” capplet (see Section
5.7.1.3 for details). By default, Mozilla 1.2 and greater
will automatically use anti-aliasing. To disable this, rebuild Mozilla with the -DWITHOUT_XFT flag.