Before you get started managing groups, you should first understand how to create and remove them from the system.
Each of these procedures requires superuser privileges. See the Section called Managing Users
" earlier in this chapter for more
about superusers.
Any superuser may create a new group in PostgreSQL with the CREATE GROUP
command. Here is the syntax for CREATE GROUP:
CREATE GROUP
groupname
[ WITH
[ SYSID
groupid
]
[ USER
username
[, ...] ] ]
In this syntax,
groupname
is the name of the group that you wish to create. A group's name
must start with an alphabetical character, and may not exceed 31 characters in length.
Providing the WITH keyword allows for either of the optional attributes to be specified.
If you wish to specify the system ID to use for the new group, use the SYSID keyword to specify the
groupid
value. Use the USER keyword to include one or more users to the group at creation time. Separate usernames by commas.
Additionally, the PostgreSQL user and group tables operate separately from each other. This separation does allow
a user's usesysid and a group's grosysid
to be identical within the PostgreSQL system.
As an example, Example 10-11 creates the sales group, and
adds two users to it upon its creation. These users are allen, and
vincent (presumably, members of Book Town's sales department).
Example 10-11. Creating a group
booktown=#
CREATE GROUP sales
booktown-#
WITH USER allen, vincent;
CREATE GROUP
The CREATE GROUP server message indicates that the group was created successfully.
You may verify the creation of a group, as well as view all existing groups, with a query on the
pg_group system table. Example 10-12 executes such a query.
Example 10-12. Verifying a group
booktown=#
SELECT * FROM pg_group;
groname | grosysid | grolist
------------+----------+-------------
sales | 1 | {7017,7016}
accounting | 2 |
marketing | 3 |
(3 rows)
Notice that the grolist column is an array, containing the PostgreSQL user ID of
each user in the group. These are the same user IDs which can be seen in the pg_user
view. For example:
booktown=#
SELECT usename FROM pg_user
booktown-#
WHERE usesysid = 7017 OR usesysid = 7016;
usename
---------
allen
vincent
(2 rows)
Any superuser may also remove a group with the DROP GROUP SQL command. You should
exercise caution with this command, as it is irreversible, and you will not be prompted to verify the removal of the
group (even if there are users still in the group). Unlike DROP DATABASE, DROP GROUP
may be performed within a transaction block.
Here is the syntax for DROP GROUP:
DROP GROUP
groupname
The
groupname
is the name of the group to be permanently removed. Example 10-13 removes an outdated marketing group from the Book Town
database.
Example 10-13. Removing a group
booktown=#
DROP GROUP marketing;
DROP GROUP
The DROP GROUP server message returned from Example 10-13
indicates that the group was successfully destroyed. Note that removing a group does not remove
permissions placed on it, but rather "disembodies" them. Any permissions placed on a database object which have rights assigned to a dropped
group will appear to be assigned to a group
system ID
, rather than to a group.
Note: Inadvertently dropped groups can be restored to their previous functionality by creating a new group with the
same system ID as the dropped group. This involves the SYSID keyword, as documented
in the Section called Creating a group
." If you assign group permissions to a table and then drop the
group, the group permissions on the table will be retained. However, you will need to add the appropriate users to
the newly recreated group for the table permissions to be effective for members of that group.
