Computer security is often divided into three distinct master
categories, commonly referred to as controls:
Physical
Technical
Administrative
These three broad categories define the main objectives of proper
security implementation. Within these controls are sub-categories that
further detail the controls and how to implement them.
Physical control is the implementation of security measures in
a defined structure used to deter or prevent unauthorized access to
sensitive material. Examples of physical controls are:
Closed-circuit surveillance cameras
Motion or thermal alarm systems
Security guards
Picture IDs
Locked and dead-bolted steel doors
Biometrics (includes fingerprint, voice, face, iris,
handwriting, and other automated methods used to recognize
individuals)
Technical controls use technology as a basis for controlling the
access and usage of sensitive data throughout a physical structure and over a
network. Technical controls are far-reaching in scope and encompass
such technologies as:
Administrative controls define the human factors of security. It
involves all levels of personnel within an organization and
determines which users have access to what resources and information
by such means as:
Training and awareness
Disaster preparedness and recovery plans
Personnel recruitment and separation strategies
Personnel registration and accounting
