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LinkedHashMap
The LinkedHashMap hashes everything for speed, but also produces the pairs in insertion order during a traversal (println( ) iterates through the map, so you see the results of traversal). In addition, a LinkedHashMap can be configured in the constructor to use a least-recently-used (LRU) algorithm based on accesses, so elements that haven’t been accessed (and thus are candidates for removal) appear at the front of the list. This allows easy creation of programs that do periodic cleanup in order to save space. Here’s a simple example showing both features:
//: c11:LinkedHashMapDemo.java
// What you can do with a LinkedHashMap.
import com.bruceeckel.simpletest.*;
import com.bruceeckel.util.*;
import java.util.*;
public class LinkedHashMapDemo {
private static Test monitor = new Test();
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedHashMap linkedMap = new LinkedHashMap();
Collections2.fill(
linkedMap, SimplePairGenerator.gen, 10);
System.out.println(linkedMap);
// Least-recently used order:
linkedMap = new LinkedHashMap(16, 0.75f, true);
Collections2.fill(
linkedMap, SimplePairGenerator.gen, 10);
System.out.println(linkedMap);
for(int i = 0; i < 7; i++) // Cause accesses:
linkedMap.get(SimplePairGenerator.gen.items[i].key);
System.out.println(linkedMap);
linkedMap.get(SimplePairGenerator.gen.items[0].key);
System.out.println(linkedMap);
monitor.expect(new String[] {
"{one=A, two=B, three=C, four=D, five=E, " +
"six=F, seven=G, eight=H, nine=I, ten=J}",
"{one=A, two=B, three=C, four=D, five=E, " +
"six=F, seven=G, eight=H, nine=I, ten=J}",
"{eight=H, nine=I, ten=J, one=A, two=B, " +
"three=C, four=D, five=E, six=F, seven=G}",
"{eight=H, nine=I, ten=J, two=B, three=C, " +
"four=D, five=E, six=F, seven=G, one=A}"
});
}
} ///:~
You can see from the output that the pairs are indeed traversed in insertion order, even for the LRU version. However, after the first seven items (only) are accessed, the last three items move to the front of the list. Then, when “one” is accessed again, it moves to the back of the list.
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