Solution for
Programming Exercise 4.5
THIS PAGE DISCUSSES ONE POSSIBLE SOLUTION to
the following exercise from this on-line
Java textbook.
Exercise 4.5:
The sample program RandomMosaicWalk.java
from Section 4.6 shows a "disturbance" that
wanders around a grid of colored squares. When the disturbance visits a
square, the color of that square is changed. The applet at the
bottom of Section 4.7 shows a variation on
this idea. In this applet, all the squares start out with the
default color, black. Every time the disturbance visits a square,
a small amount is added to the red component of the color of that
square. Write a subroutine that will add 25 to the red component of
one of the squares in the mosaic. The row and column numbers of the
square should be passed as parameters to the subroutine. Recall
that you can discover the current red component of the square in
row r and column c with the function call
Mosaic.getRed(r,c). Use your subroutine as a substitute for
the changeToRandomColor() subroutine in the program
RandomMosaicWalk2.java.
(This is the improved version of the program from Section 4.7
that uses named constants for the number of rows, number of columns,
and square size.) Set the number of rows and the number of columns
to 80. Set the square size to 5.
Discussion
This is an exercise in making a rather small modification to
a relatively complicated existing program.
The only real problem is to write a new subroutine, which I will
call brightenSquare. Much of the program comes directly from
RandomMosaicWalk2.java.
The randomMove() routine is unchanged. The only change in
the main() routine is to substitute a call to brightenSquare
for the call to changeToRandomColor. The subroutines
fillWithRandomColors and changeToRandomColor in
the RandomMosaicWalk2 program are not needed and should be
removed. In the three lines
that define the constants, the values are changed according the
instructions in the exercise:
final static int ROWS = 80; // Number of rows in the mosaic.
final static int COLUMNS = 80; // Number of columns in the mosaic.
final static int SQUARE_SIZE = 5; // Size of each square in the mosaic.
With these values, the program is interesting to watch for a while.
You might want to try using shades of green, blue, or gray, instead of red.
An outline for the brightenSquare routine is clear:
Let r be the current red component of the square
Add 25 to r
Set the color components of the square to r, 0, 0
The green and blue components of the color will always be zero.
However, they must be specified in the Mosaic.setColor() routine.
Written in Java, the body of the routine is just three lines long:
static void brightenSquare(int row, int col) {
int r = Mosaic.getRed(row,col);
r += 25;
Mosaic.setColor(row,col,r,0,0);
}
In fact, you could even write the body of the routine using just one line:
Mosaic.setColor(row, col, Mosaic.getColor(row,col) + 25, 0, 0);
One thing here might bother you: It looks like the value of the
red component of a given square might get bigger than 255 if the
disturbance visits it often enough. But the largest legal value for
a color component is 255. What I haven't told you is that
when a value greater than 255 is used for a color component,
Mosaic.setColor will silently change the value to 255.
If this were not the case, it would be necessary to rewrite
brightenSquare to avoid illegal values of r:
static void brightenSquare(int row, int col) {
int r = Mosaic.getRed(row,col);
r += 25;
if ( r > 255 )
r = 255;
Mosaic.setColor(row,col,r,0,0);
}
The Solution
public class Brighten {
/*
This program shows a mosaic of little colored
squares. Initially, all the squares are black.
A "disturbance" moves randomly around
in the window. Each time it visits a square,
the square gets a little more red. Depends on the
non-standard classes Mosaic and MosaicCanvas.
*/
final static int ROWS = 80;
final static int COLUMNS = 80;
final static int SQUARE_SIZE = 5;
static int currentRow; // Row currently containing the disturbance.
static int currentColumn; // Column currently containing disturbance.
public static void main(String[] args) {
Mosaic.open(ROWS, COLUMNS, SQUARE_SIZE, SQUARE_SIZE);
currentRow = ROWS / 2; // start at center of window
currentColumn = COLUMNS / 2;
while (Mosaic.isOpen()) {
brightenSquare(currentRow, currentColumn);
randomMove();
Mosaic.delay(20);
}
} // end of main()
static void brightenSquare(int row, int col) {
// Increases the level of red in the square at
// the specified row and column.
// (setting grenn and blue levels to zero).
int r = Mosaic.getRed(row,col);
r += 25;
Mosaic.setColor(row,col,r,0,0);
}
static void randomMove() {
// Randomly move the disturbance in one of
// four possible directions: up, down, left, or right;
// if this moves the disturbance outside the window,
// then move it to the opposite edge of the window.
int directionNum; // Randomly set to 0, 1, 2, or 3, to choose direction.
directionNum = (int)(4*Math.random());
switch (directionNum) {
case 0: // move up
currentRow--;
if (currentRow < 0)
currentRow = ROWS - 1;
break;
case 1: // move right
currentColumn++;
if (currentColumn >= COLUMNS)
currentColumn = 0;
break;
case 2: // move down
currentRow ++;
if (currentRow >= ROWS)
currentRow = 0;
break;
case 3:
currentColumn--;
if (currentColumn < 0)
currentColumn = COLUMNS - 1;
break;
}
} // end of randomMove()
} // end of class Brighten
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