Sample Quiz Answers
For Chapter 10
THIS PAGE CONTAINS SAMPLE ANSWERS to the Quiz on
Chapter 10 of this on-line
Java textbook. Note that in many cases, there are lots of correct
answers to a given question.
Question 1:
In Java, input/output is done using streams. Streams are an
abstraction. Explain what this means and why it is important.
Answer:
A stream represents a source from which data can be read or a
destination to which data can be written. A stream is an abstraction
because it represents the abstract idea of a source or destination
of data, as opposed to specific, concrete sources and destinations
such as a particular file or network connection. The stream abstraction
is important because it allows programmers to do input/output using the
same methods for a wide variety of data sources and destinations.
It hides the details of working with files, networks, and the screen
and keyboard.
Question 2:
Java has two types of streams: character streams and byte streams. Why?
What is the difference between the two types of streams?
Answer:
Character streams are for working with data in human-readable format,
that is, data expressed as sequences of characters. Byte streams are
for data expressed in the machine-readable format that is used
internally in the computer to represent the data while a program is
running. It is very efficient for a computer to read and write
data in machine format, since no translation of the data
is necessary. However, if a person must deal directly with the
data, then character streams should be used so that the data is presented
in human-readable form.
Question 3:
What is a file? Why are files necessary?
Answer:
A file is a collection of data that has been given a
name and stored on some permanent storage device such
as a hard disk or floppy disk. Files are necessary because
data stored in the computer's RAM is lost whenever the
computer is turned off. Data that is to be saved permanently
must be stored in a file. (Furthermore, RAM is very
expensive compared to space on a disk drive, so a computer's
hard disk can typically store much more data than would fit
in the computer's RAM, even if the computer were left turned
on all the time.)
Question 4:
What is the point of the following statement?
out = new PrintWriter( new FileWriter("data.dat") );
Why would you need a statement that involves two different
stream classes, PrintWriter and FileWriter?
Answer:
The PrintWriter class is being used as a "wrapper" for
the FileWriter class. A FileWriter is a stream
object that knows how to send individual characters to a file. By wrapping
this in a PrintWriter, you get the ability to write
other data types such as ints, doubles, and
Strings to the file using the PrintWriter's
print() and println() methods.
Wrapping the FileWriter
in a PrintWriter adds capabilities to the file output
stream but still sends the data to the same destination.
Question 5:
The package java.io includes a class named URL.
What does an object of type URL represent, and how
is it used?
Answer:
A url is an address for a web page (or other information) on the
Internet. For example, "https://math.hws.edu/javanotes/index.html"
is a url that refers to the main page of the current edition of this
on-line textbook. A URL object represents such an address.
Once you have a URL object, you can call its openConnection()
method to access the information at the url address that it represents.
Question 6:
Explain what is meant by the client / server model of
network communication.
Answer:
In the client/server model, a server program runs on a computer
somewhere on the Internet and "listens" for connection requests
from client programs. The server makes some service available. A client
program connects to the server to access that service. For example,
a Web server has a collection of Web pages. A Web browser acts as
a client for the Web server. It makes a connection to the server
and sends a request for one of its pages. The server responds by
transmitting a copy of the requested page back to the client.
Question 7:
What is a socket?
Answer:
A socket represents one endpoint of a network connection. A program
uses a socket to communicate with another program over the network.
Data written by a program to the socket at one end of the connection is
transmitted to the socket on the other end of the connection, where it
can be read by the program at that end.
Question 8:
What is a ServerSocket and how is it used?
Answer:
A SeverSocket is used by a server program to listen for
connection requests from client programs. If listener
refers to an object that belongs to Java's ServerSocket
class, then calling the function listener.accept() will wait
for a connection request and will return a Socket object
that can be used to communicate with the client that made the request.
Question 9:
Network server programs are often multithreaded.
Explain what this means and why it is true.
Answer:
A multi-threaded server creates a new thread to handle each client
connection that it accepts.
A server program is generally designed to process connection
requests from many clients. It runs in an infinite loop in which
it accepts a connection request and processes it. If the processing
takes a significant amount of time, it's not a good idea to make
the other clients wait while the current client is processed.
The solution is for the server to make a new thread to handle
each client connection. The server can continue to accept
other client connections even while the first client is being
serviced.
Question 10:
Write a complete program that will display the first ten
lines from a text file. The lines should be written to
standard output, System.out. The file name is
given as the command-line argument args[0]. You
can assume that the file contains at least ten lines.
Don't bother to make the program robust.
Answer:
My program uses the TextReader class from
Section 1 to read the lines from
the file. It does everything in one big try
statement. If anything goes wrong, an error message
is printed in the catch clause of the try
statement. For example, if the program is run with
no command-line argument, an IndexOutOfBoundsException
will be generated when the program refers to args[0].
If a file is specified, but it doesn't exist, then
a FileNotFoundException will occur.
If there are fewer than ten lines in the file, a
TextReader.Error will be generated when the program
tries to read past the end of file.
public class TenLines {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
TextReader in = new TextReader( new FileReader(args[0]) );
for (int lineCt = 0; lineCt < 10; lineCt++)) {
String line = in.getln();
System.out.println(line);
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e);
}
}
} // end clsss TenLines
