These are the familiar sin, cos, and tan functions.
The arguments to all of these functions are in units of radians; recall
that pi radians equals 180 degrees.
The math library normally defines M_PI to a double
approximation of pi. If strict ISO and/or POSIX compliance
are requested this constant is not defined, but you can easily define it
yourself:
#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846264338327
You can also compute the value of pi with the expression acos
(-1.0).
— Function: double sin (double x)
— Function: float sinf (float x)
— Function: long double sinl (long double x)
These functions return the sine of x, where x is given in
radians. The return value is in the range -1 to 1.
— Function: double cos (double x)
— Function: float cosf (float x)
— Function: long double cosl (long double x)
These functions return the cosine of x, where x is given in
radians. The return value is in the range -1 to 1.
— Function: double tan (double x)
— Function: float tanf (float x)
— Function: long double tanl (long double x)
These functions return the tangent of x, where x is given in
radians.
Mathematically, the tangent function has singularities at odd multiples
of pi/2. If the argument x is too close to one of these
singularities, tan will signal overflow.
In many applications where sin and cos are used, the sine
and cosine of the same angle are needed at the same time. It is more
efficient to compute them simultaneously, so the library provides a
function to do that.
— Function: void sincosl (long double x, long double *sinx, long double *cosx)
These functions return the sine of x in *sinx and the
cosine of x in *cos, where x is given in
radians. Both values, *sinx and *cosx, are in
the range of -1 to 1.
This function is a GNU extension. Portable programs should be prepared
to cope with its absence.
ISO C99 defines variants of the trig functions which work on
complex numbers. The GNU C library provides these functions, but they
are only useful if your compiler supports the new complex types defined
by the standard.
(As of this writing GCC supports complex numbers, but there are bugs in
the implementation.)
