7.2. Filesystem Usage
Many reports are currently talking about how cheap storage has
gotten, but if you're like most of us it isn't cheap enough. Most of
us have a limited amount of space, and need to be able to monitor it
and control how it's used.
7.2.1. The df command
The df is the simplest tool available to
view disk usage. Simply type in df and you'll
be shown disk usage for all your mounted filesystems in 1K blocks
user@server:~> df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda3 5242904 759692 4483212 15% /
tmpfs 127876 8 127868 1% /dev/shm
/dev/hda1 127351 33047 87729 28% /boot
/dev/hda9 10485816 33508 10452308 1% /home
/dev/hda8 5242904 932468 4310436 18% /srv
/dev/hda7 3145816 32964 3112852 2% /tmp
/dev/hda5 5160416 474336 4423928 10% /usr
/dev/hda6 3145816 412132 2733684 14% /var |
You can also use the -h to see the output in
"human-readable" format. This will be in K, Megs, or Gigs depending
on the size of the filesystem. Alternately, you can also use the
-B to specify block size.
In addition to space usage, you could use the
-i option to view the number of used and available
inodes.
user@server:~> df -i
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/hda3 0 0 0 - /
tmpfs 31969 5 31964 1% /dev/shm
/dev/hda1 32912 47 32865 1% /boot
/dev/hda9 0 0 0 - /home
/dev/hda8 0 0 0 - /srv
/dev/hda7 0 0 0 - /tmp
/dev/hda5 656640 26651 629989 5% /usr
/dev/hda6 0 0 0 - /var |
7.2.2. The du command
Now that you know how much space has been used on a filesystem
how can you find out where that data is? To view usage by a directory
or file you can use du. Unless you specify a
filename du will act recursively. For example:
user@server:~> du file.txt
1300 file.txt |
Or like the
df I can use the
-h
and get the same output in "human-readable" form.
user@server:~> du -h file.txt
1.3M file.txt |
Unless you specify a filename du will act
recursively.
user@server:~> du -h /usr/local
4.0K /usr/local/games
16K /usr/local/include/nessus/net
180K /usr/local/include/nessus
208K /usr/local/include
62M /usr/local/lib/nessus/plugins/.desc
97M /usr/local/lib/nessus/plugins
164K /usr/local/lib/nessus/plugins_factory
97M /usr/local/lib/nessus
12K /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
2.7M /usr/local/lib/ladspa
104M /usr/local/lib
112K /usr/local/man/man1
4.0K /usr/local/man/man2
4.0K /usr/local/man/man3
4.0K /usr/local/man/man4
16K /usr/local/man/man5
4.0K /usr/local/man/man |
If you just want a summary of that directory you can use the
-s option.
user@server:~> du -hs /usr/local
210M /usr/local |
7.2.3. Quotas
For more information about quotas you can read
The Quota HOWTO
.
