It is always interesting to automate the tasks of a backup. Automation offers enormous opportunities for using your Linux server to achieve the goals you set. The following example below is our backup
script, called backup.cron. This script is designed to run on any computer by changing only the four variables:
COMPUTER
DIRECTORIES
BACKUPDIR
TIMEDIR
We suggest that you set this script up and run it at the beginning of the month for the first time, and then run it for a month before making major changes. In our example below we do the backup to a directory on
the local server BACKUPDIR, but you could modify this script to do it to a tape on the local server or via an NFS mounted file system.
Create the backup script backup.cron file, touch/etc/cron.daily/backup.cron and add the following lines to this backup file:
#!/bin/sh
# full and incremental backup script
# created 07 February 2000
# Based on a script by Daniel O'Callaghan <[email protected]>
# and modified by Gerhard Mourani <[email protected]>
#Change the 5 variables below to fit your computer/backup
COMPUTER=deep # name of this computer
DIRECTORIES="/home" # directoris to backup
BACKUPDIR=/backups # where to store the backups
TIMEDIR=/backups/last-full # where to store time of full backup
TAR=/bin/tar # name and locaction of tar
#You should not have to change anything below here
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
DOW=`date +%a` # Day of the week e.g. Mon
DOM=`date +%d` # Date of the Month e.g. 27
DM=`date +%d%b` # Date and Month e.g. 27Sep
# On the 1st of the month a permanet full backup is made
# Every Sunday a full backup is made - overwriting last Sundays backup
# The rest of the time an incremental backup is made. Each incremental
# backup overwrites last weeks incremental backup of the same name.
#
# if NEWER = "", then tar backs up all files in the directories
# otherwise it backs up files newer than the NEWER date. NEWER
# gets it date from the file written every Sunday.
# Monthly full backup
if [ $DOM = "01" ]; then
NEWER=""
$TAR $NEWER -cf $BACKUPDIR/$COMPUTER-$DM.tar $DIRECTORIES
fi
# Weekly full backup
if [ $DOW = "Sun" ]; then
NEWER=""
NOW=`date +%d-%b`
# Update full backup date
echo $NOW > $TIMEDIR/$COMPUTER-full-date
$TAR $NEWER -cf $BACKUPDIR/$COMPUTER-$DOW.tar $DIRECTORIES
# Make incremental backup - overwrite last weeks
else
# Get date of last full backup
NEWER="--newer `cat $TIMEDIR/$COMPUTER-full-date`"
$TAR $NEWER -cf $BACKUPDIR/$COMPUTER-$DOW.tar $DIRECTORIES
fi
Example 33-1. Backup directory of a week
Here is an abbreviated look of the backup directory after one week:
[root@deep] /# ls -l /backups/
total 22217
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10731288 Feb 7 11:24 deep-01Feb.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6879 Feb 7 11:24 deep-Fri.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2831 Feb 7 11:24 deep-Mon.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7924 Feb 7 11:25 deep-Sat.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11923013 Feb 7 11:24 deep-Sun.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5643 Feb 7 11:25 deep-Thu.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3152 Feb 7 11:25 deep-Tue.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4567 Feb 7 11:25 deep-Wed.tar
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Feb 7 11:20 last-full
:
The directory where to store the backups BACKUPDIR, and the directory where to store time of full backup TIMEDIR must exist or be created before
the use of the backup-script, or you will receive an error message.
If you are not running this backup script from the beginning of the month 01-month-year, the incremental backups will need the time of the Sunday backup to be able to work properly. If you start in the
middle of the week, you will need to create the time file in the TIMEDIR.
To create the time file in the TIMEDIR directory, use the following command:
[root@deep] /# date +%d%b < /backups/last-full/myserver-full-date
Where /backups/last-full is our variable TIMEDIR wherein we want to store the time of the full backup, and myserver-full-date is the name of our server e.g. deep, and our time
file consists of a single line with the present date i.e. 15-Feb.
Make this script executable and change its default permissions to be writable only by the super-user root755.
