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GlossaryThis section contains an alphabetical overview of common UNIX commands. More information about the usage can be found in the man or info pages.
A- a2ps
Format files for printing on a PostScript printer. - acroread
PDF viewer. - adduser
Create a new user or update default new user information. - alias
Create a shell alias for a command. - anacron
Execute commands periodically, does not assume continuously running machine. - apropos
Search the whatis database for strings. - apt-get
APT package handling utility. - aspell
Spell checker. - at, atq, atrm
Queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution. - aumix
Adjust audio mixer. - (g)awk
Pattern scanning and processing language.
B- bash
Bourne Again SHell. - batch
Queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution. - bg
Run a job in the background. - bitmap
Bitmap editor and converter utilities for the X window System. - bzip2
A block-sorting file compressor.
C- cat
Concatenate files and print to standard output. - cd
Change directory. - cdp/cdplay
An interactive text-mode program for controlling and playing
audio CD Roms under Linux. - cdparanoia
An audio CD reading utility which
includes extra data verification features. - cdrecord
Record a CD-R. - chattr
Change file attributes. - chgrp
Change group ownership. - chkconfig
Update or query run level information for system services. - chmod
Change file access permissions. - chown
Change file owner and group. - compress
Compress files. - cp
Copy files and directories. - crontab
Maintain crontab files. - csh
Open a C shell. - cut
Remove sections from each line of file(s).
D- date
Print or set system date and time. - dd
Convert and copy a file (disk dump). - df
Report file system disk usage. - dhcpcd
DHCP client daemon. - diff
Find differences between two files. - dig
Send domain name query packets to name servers. - dmesg
Print or control the kernel ring buffer. - du
Estimate file space usage.
E- echo
Display a line of text. - ediff
Diff to English translator. - egrep
Extended grep. - eject
Unmount and eject removable media. - emacs
Start the Emacs editor. - exec
Invoke subprocess(es). - exit
Exit current shell. - export
Add function(s) to the shell environment.
F- fax2ps
Convert a TIFF facsimile to PostScript. - fdformat
Format floppy disk. - fdisk
Partition table manipulator for Linux. - fetchmail
Fetch mail from a POP, IMAP, ETRN or ODMR-capable server. - fg
Bring a job in the foreground. - file
Determine file type. - find
Find files. - formail
Mail (re)formatter. - fortune
Print a random, hopefully interesting adage. - ftp
Transfer files (unsafe unless anonymous account is used!)services.
G- galeon
Graphical web browser. - gdm
Gnome Display Manager. - (min/a)getty
Control console devices. - gimp
Image manipulation program. - grep
Print lines matching a pattern. - groff
Emulate nroff command with groff. - grub
The grub shell. - gv
A PostScript and PDF viewer. - gzip
Compress or expand files.
H- halt
Stop the system. - head
Output the first part of files. - help
Display help on a shell built-in command. - host
DNS lookup utility. - httpd
Apache hypertext transfer protocol server.
I- id
Print real and effective UIDs and GIDs. - ifconfig
Configure network interface or show configuration. - info
Read Info documents. - init
Process control initialization. - iostat
Display I/O statistics. - ip
Display/change network interface status. - ipchains
IP firewall administration. - iptables
IP packet filter administration.
J- jar
Java archive tool. - jobs
List backgrounded tasks.
K- kdm
Desktop manager for KDE. - kill(all)
Terminate process(es). - ksh
Open a Korn shell.
L- ldapmodify
Modify an LDAP entry. - ldapsearch
LDAP search tool. - less
more with features. - lilo
Linux boot loader. - links
Text mode WWW browser. - ln
Make links between files. - loadkeys
Load keyboard translation tables. - locate
Find files. - logout
Close current shell. - lp
Send requests to the LP print service. - lpc
Line printer control program. - lpq
Print spool queue examination program. - lpr
Offline print. - lprm
Remove print requests. - ls
List directory content. - lynx
Text mode WWW browser.
M- mail
Send and receive mail. - man
Read man pages. - mcopy
Copy MSDOS files to/from Unix. - mdir
Display an MSDOS directory. - memusage
Display memory usage. - memusagestat
Display memory usage statistics. - mesg
Control write access to your terminal. - mformat
Add an MSDOS file system to a low-level formatted floppy disk. - mkbootdisk
Creates a stand-alone boot floppy for the running system. - mkdir
Create directory. - mkisofs
Create a hybrid ISO9660 filesystem. - more
Filter for displaying text one screen at the time. - mount
Mount a file system or display information about mounted file systems. - mozilla
Web browser. - mt
Control magnetic tape drive operation. - mtr
Network diagnostic tool. - mv
Rename files.
N- named
Internet domain name server. - ncftp
Browser program for ftp services (insecure!). - netstat
Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multi-cast memberships. - nfsstat
Print statistics about networked file systems. - nice
Run a program with modified scheduling priority. - nmap
Network exploration tool and security scanner. - ntsysv
Simple interface for configuring run levels.
P- passwd
Change password. - pdf2ps
Ghostscript PDF to PostScript translator. - perl
Practical Extraction and Report Language. - pg
Page through text output. - ping
Send echo request to a host. - pr
Convert text files for printing. - printenv
Print all or part of environment. - procmail
Autonomous mail processor. - ps
Report process status. - pstree
Display a tree of processes. - pwd
Print present working directory.
Q- quota
Display disk usage and limits.
R- rcp
Remote copy (unsafe!) - rdesktop
Remote Desktop Protocol client. - reboot
Stop and restart the system. - renice
Alter priority of a running process. - rlogin
Remote login (telnet, insecure!). - rm
Remove a file. - rmdir
Remove a directory. - roff
A survey of the roff typesetting system. - rpm
RPM Package Manager. - rsh
Remote shell (insecure!).
S- scp
Secure remote copy. - screen
Screen manager with VT100 emulation. - set
Display, set or change variable. - setterm
Set terminal attributes. - sftp
Secure (encrypted) ftp. - sh
Open a standard shell. - shutdown
Bring the system down. - sleep
Wait for a given period. - slocate
Security Enhanced version of the GNU Locate. - slrnn
text mode Usenet client. - snort
Network intrusion detection tool. - sort
Sort lines of text files. - ssh
Secure shell. - ssh-keygen
Authentication key generation. - stty
Change and print terminal line settings. - su
Switch user.
T- tac
Concatenate and print files in reverse. - tail
Output the last part of files. - talk
Talk to a user. - tar
Archiving utility. - tcsh
Open a Turbo C shell. - telnet
User interface to the TELNET protocol (insecure!). - tex
Text formatting and typesetting. - time
Time a simple command or give resource usage. - tin
News reading program. - top
Display top CPU processes. - touch
Change file timestamps. - traceroute
Print the route packets take to network host. - tripwire
A file integrity checker for UNIX systems. - troff
Format documents. - twm
Tab Window Manager for the X Window System.
U- ulimit
Controll resources. - umask
Set user file creation mask. - umount
Unmount a file system. - uncompress
Decompress compressed files. - uniq
Remove duplicate lines from a sorted file. - update
Kernel daemon to flush dirty buffers back to disk. - uptime
Display system uptime and average load. - userdel
Delete a user account and related files.
V- vi(m)
Start the vi (improved) editor. - vimtutor
The Vim tutor. - vmstat
Report virtual memory statistics.
W- w
Show who is logged on and what they are doing. - wall
Send a message to everybody's terminal. - wc
Print the number of bytes, words and lines in files. - which
Shows the full path of (shell) commands. - who
Show who is logged on. - who am i
Print effective user ID. - whois
Query a whois or nicname database. - write
Send a message to another user.
X- xauth
X authority file utility. - xcdroast
Graphical front end to cdrecord. - xclock
Analog/digital clock for X. - xconsole
Monitor system console messages with X. - xdm
X Display Manager with support for XDMCP, host chooser. - xdvi
DVI viewer. - xfs
X font server. - xhost
Server access control program for X - xinetd
The extended Internet services daemon. - xload
System load average display for X. - xlsfonts
Server font list displayer for X. - xmms
Audio player for X. - xpdf
PDF viewer. - xterm
Terminal emulator for X.
Z- zcat
Compress or expand files. - zgrep
Search possibly compressed files for a regular expression. - zmore
Filter for viewing compressed text.
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