| Thinking in C++ Vol 2 - Practical Programming |
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To make sure you know how to call all the functions
previously discussed, here s an example that calls them all:
//: C04:Format.cpp
// Formatting Functions.
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include "../require.h"
using namespace std;
#define D(A) T << #A << endl; A
int main() {
ofstream T("format.out");
assure(T);
D(int i = 47;)
D(float f = 2300114.414159;)
const char* s = "Is there any more?";
D(T.setf(ios::unitbuf);)
D(T.setf(ios::showbase);)
D(T.setf(ios::uppercase | ios::showpos);)
D(T << i << endl;) // Default is dec
D(T.setf(ios::hex, ios::basefield);)
D(T << i << endl;)
D(T.setf(ios::oct, ios::basefield);)
D(T << i << endl;)
D(T.unsetf(ios::showbase);)
D(T.setf(ios::dec, ios::basefield);)
D(T.setf(ios::left, ios::adjustfield);)
D(T.fill('0');)
D(T << "fill char: " <<
T.fill() << endl;)
D(T.width(10);)
T << i << endl;
D(T.setf(ios::right,
ios::adjustfield);)
D(T.width(10);)
T << i << endl;
D(T.setf(ios::internal,
ios::adjustfield);)
D(T.width(10);)
T << i << endl;
D(T << i << endl;)
// Without width(10)
D(T.unsetf(ios::showpos);)
D(T.setf(ios::showpoint);)
D(T << "prec = " <<
T.precision() << endl;)
D(T.setf(ios::scientific, ios::floatfield);)
D(T << endl << f << endl;)
D(T.unsetf(ios::uppercase);)
D(T << endl << f << endl;)
D(T.setf(ios::fixed, ios::floatfield);)
D(T << f << endl;)
D(T.precision(20);)
D(T << "prec = " <<
T.precision() << endl;)
D(T << endl << f << endl;)
D(T.setf(ios::scientific, ios::floatfield);)
D(T << endl << f << endl;)
D(T.setf(ios::fixed, ios::floatfield);)
D(T << f << endl;)
D(T.width(10);)
T << s << endl;
D(T.width(40);)
T << s << endl;
D(T.setf(ios::left, ios::adjustfield);)
D(T.width(40);)
T << s << endl;
} ///:~
This example uses a trick to create a trace file so that you
can monitor what s happening. The macro D(a) uses the preprocessor
stringizing to turn a into a string to display. Then it reiterates a
so the statement is executed. The macro sends all the information to a file
called T, which is the trace file. The output is
int i = 47;
float f = 2300114.414159;
T.setf(ios::unitbuf);
T.setf(ios::showbase);
T.setf(ios::uppercase | ios::showpos);
T << i << endl;
+47
T.setf(ios::hex, ios::basefield);
T << i << endl;
0X2F
T.setf(ios::oct, ios::basefield);
T << i << endl;
057
T.unsetf(ios::showbase);
T.setf(ios::dec, ios::basefield);
T.setf(ios::left, ios::adjustfield);
T.fill('0');
T << "fill char: " << T.fill()
<< endl;
fill char: 0
T.width(10);
+470000000
T.setf(ios::right, ios::adjustfield);
T.width(10);
0000000+47
T.setf(ios::internal, ios::adjustfield);
T.width(10);
+000000047
T << i << endl;
+47
T.unsetf(ios::showpos);
T.setf(ios::showpoint);
T << "prec = " << T.precision()
<< endl;
prec = 6
T.setf(ios::scientific, ios::floatfield);
T << endl << f << endl;
2.300114E+06
T.unsetf(ios::uppercase);
T << endl << f << endl;
2.300114e+06
T.setf(ios::fixed, ios::floatfield);
T << f << endl;
2300114.500000
T.precision(20);
T << "prec = " << T.precision()
<< endl;
prec = 20
T << endl << f << endl;
2300114.50000000000000000000
T.setf(ios::scientific, ios::floatfield);
T << endl << f << endl;
2.30011450000000000000e+06
T.setf(ios::fixed, ios::floatfield);
T << f << endl;
2300114.50000000000000000000
T.width(10);
Is there any more?
T.width(40);
0000000000000000000000Is there any more?
T.setf(ios::left, ios::adjustfield);
T.width(40);
Is there any
more?0000000000000000000000
Studying this output should clarify your understanding of
the iostream formatting member functions.
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