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The Art of Unix Programming
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Unix Programming - Chapter1.Philosophy

Table of Contents

Culture? What Culture?
The Durability of Unix
The Case against Learning Unix Culture
What Unix Gets Wrong
What Unix Gets Right
Open-Source Software
Cross-Platform Portability and Open Standards
The Internet and the World Wide Web
The Open-Source Community
Flexibility All the Way Down
Unix Is Fun to Hack
The Lessons of Unix Can Be Applied Elsewhere
Basics of the Unix Philosophy
Rule of Modularity: Write simple parts connected by clean interfaces.
Rule of Clarity: Clarity is better than cleverness.
Rule of Composition: Design programs to be connected with other programs.
Rule of Separation: Separate policy from mechanism; separate interfaces from engines.
Rule of Simplicity: Design for simplicity; add complexity only where you must.
Rule of Parsimony: Write a big program only when it is clear by demonstration that nothing else will do.
Rule of Transparency: Design for visibility to make inspection and debugging easier.
Rule of Robustness: Robustness is the child oftransparency and simplicity.
Rule of Representation: Fold knowledge into data, soprogram logic can be stupid and robust.
Rule of Least Surprise: In interface design, always do theleast surprising thing.
Rule of Silence: When a program has nothing surprising to say, it should say nothing.
Rule of Repair: Repair what you can — but when you must fail, fail noisily and as soon as possible.
Rule of Economy: Programmer time is expensive; conserve it in preference to machine time.
Rule of Generation: Avoid hand-hacking; write programs to write programs when you can.
Rule of Optimization: Prototype before polishing. Get it working before you optimize it.
Rule of Diversity: Distrust all claims for one true way.
Rule of Extensibility: Design for the future, because it will be here sooner than you think.
The Unix Philosophy in One Lesson
Applying the Unix Philosophy
Attitude Matters Too

Those who do not understand Unix are condemned to reinvent it, poorly.

-- Henry Spencer Usenet signature, November 1987

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The Art of Unix Programming
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