Follow Techotopia on Twitter

On-line Guides
All Guides
eBook Store
iOS / Android
Linux for Beginners
Office Productivity
Linux Installation
Linux Security
Linux Utilities
Linux Virtualization
Linux Kernel
System/Network Admin
Programming
Scripting Languages
Development Tools
Web Development
GUI Toolkits/Desktop
Databases
Mail Systems
openSolaris
Eclipse Documentation
Techotopia.com
Virtuatopia.com
Answertopia.com

How To Guides
Virtualization
General System Admin
Linux Security
Linux Filesystems
Web Servers
Graphics & Desktop
PC Hardware
Windows
Problem Solutions
Privacy Policy

  




 

 

C.1. Common features

The following features are standard in every shell. Note that the stop, suspend, jobs, bg and fg commands are only available on systems that support job control.

Table C-1. Common Shell Features

Command Meaning
> Redirect output
>> Append to file
< Redirect input
<< "Here" document (redirect input)
| Pipe output
& Run process in background.
; Separate commands on same line
* Match any character(s) in filename
? Match single character in filename
[ ] Match any characters enclosed
( ) Execute in subshell
` ` Substitute output of enclosed command
" " Partial quote (allows variable and command expansion)
' ' Full quote (no expansion)
\ Quote following character
$var Use value for variable
$$ Process id
$0 Command name
$n nth argument (n from 0 to 9)
$* All arguments as a simple word
# Begin comment
bg Background execution
break Break from loop statements
cd Change directories
continue Resume a program loop
echo Display output
eval Evaluate arguments
exec Execute a new shell
fg Foreground execution
jobs Show active jobs
kill Terminate running jobs
newgrp Change to a new group
shift Shift positional parameters
stop Suspend a background job
suspend Suspend a foreground job
time Time a command
umask Set or list file permissions
unset Erase variable or function definitions
wait Wait for a background job to finish
Introducing Linux
Previous Page Home Next Page

 
 
  Published under the terms of the GNU General Public License Design by Interspire