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Android Development
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Emulator Startup Options

The emulator supports a variety of options that you can specify when launching the emulator, to control its appearance or behavior. Here's the command-line usage for launching the emulator with options:

emulator -avd <avd_name> [-<option> [<value>]] ... [-<qemu args>]

The table below summarizes the available options.

Category Option Description Comments
Help -help Print a list of all emulator options.  
-help-all Print help for all startup options.  
-help-<option> Print help for a specific startup option.  
-help-debug-tags Print a list of all tags for -debug <tags>.  
-help-disk-images Print help for using emulator disk images.  
-help-environment Print help for emulator environment variables.  
-help-keys Print the current mapping of keys.  
-help-keyset-file Print help for defining a custom key mappings file.  
-help-virtual-device Print help for Android Virtual Device usage.  
AVD -avd <avd_name> or
@<avd_name>
Required. Specifies the AVD to load for this emulator instance. You must create an AVD configuration before launching the emulator. For information, see Android Virtual Devices.
Disk Images -cache <filepath> Use <filepath> as the working cache partition image. Optionally, you can specify a path relative to the current working directory. If no cache file is specified, the emulator's default behavior is to use a temporary file instead.

For more information on disk images, use -help-disk-images.

-data <filepath> Use <filepath> as the working user-data disk image. Optionally, you can specify a path relative to the current working directory. If -data is not used, the emulator looks for a file named "userdata-qemu.img" in the storage area of the AVD being used (see -avd).
-initdata <filepath> When resetting the user-data image (through -wipe-data), copy the contents of this file to the new user-data disk image. By default, the emulator copies the <system>/userdata.img. Optionally, you can specify a path relative to the current working directory. See also -wipe-data.

For more information on disk images, use -help-disk-images.

-nocache Start the emulator without a cache partition. See also -cache <file>.
-ramdisk <filepath> Use <filepath> as the ramdisk image. Default value is <system>/ramdisk.img.

Optionally, you can specify a path relative to the current working directory. For more information on disk images, use -help-disk-images.

-sdcard <filepath> Use <file> as the SD card image. Default value is <system>/sdcard.img.

Optionally, you can specify a path relative to the current working directory. For more information on disk images, use -help-disk-images.

-wipe-data Reset the current user-data disk image (that is, the file specified by -datadir and -data, or the default file). The emulator deletes all data from the user data image file, then copies the contents of the file at -inidata data to the image file before starting. See also -initdata.

For more information on disk images, use -help-disk-images.

Debug -debug <tags> Enable/disable debug messages for the specified debug tags. <tags> is a space/comma/column-separated list of debug component names. Use -help-debug-tags to print a list of debug component names that you can use.
-debug-<tag> Enable/disable debug messages for the specified debug tag. Use -help-debug-tags to print a list of debug component names that you can use in <tag>.
-debug-no-<tag> Disable debug messages for the specified debug tag.
-logcat <logtags> Enable logcat output with given tags. If the environment variable ANDROID_LOG_TAGS is defined and not empty, its value will be used to enable logcat output by default.
-shell Create a root shell console on the current terminal. You can use this command even if the adb daemon in the emulated system is broken. Pressing Ctrl-c from the shell stops the emulator instead of the shell.
-shell-serial <device> Enable the root shell (as in -shell and specify the QEMU character device to use for communication with the shell. <device> must be a QEMU device type. See the documentation for '-serial dev' at https://www.bellard.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC10 for a list of device types.

Here are some examples:

  • -shell-serial stdio is identical to -shell
  • -shell-serial tcp::4444,server,nowait lets you communicate with the shell over TCP port 4444
  • -shell-serial fdpair:3:6 lets a parent process communicate with the shell using fds 3 (in) and 6 (out)
  • -shell-serial fdpair:0:1 uses the normal stdin and stdout fds, except that QEMU won't tty-cook the data.
-show-kernel <name> Display kernel messages.  
-trace <name> Enable code profiling (press F9 to start), written to a specified file.  
-verbose Enable verbose output. Equivalent to -debug-init.

You can define the default verbose output options used by emulator instances in the Android environment variable ANDROID_VERBOSE. Define the options you want to use in a comma-delimited list, specifying only the stem of each option: -debug-<tags>.

Here's an example showing ANDROID_VERBOSE defined with the -debug-init and -debug-modem options:

ANDROID_VERBOSE=init,modem

For more information about debug tags, use <-help-debug-tags>.

Media -audio <backend> Use the specified audio backend.  
-audio-in <backend> Use the specified audio-input backend.  
-audio-out <backend> Use the specified audio-output backend.  
-noaudio Disable audio support in the current emulator instance.  
-radio <device> Redirect radio modem interface to a host character device.  
-useaudio Enable audio support in the current emulator instance. Enabled by default.
Network -dns-server <servers> Use the specified DNS server(s). The value of <servers> must be a comma-separated list of up to 4 DNS server names or IP addresses.
-http-proxy <proxy> Make all TCP connections through a specified HTTP/HTTPS proxy The value of <proxy> can be one of the following:
https://<server>:<port>
https://<username>:<password>@<server>:<port>

The https:// prefix can be omitted. If the -http-proxy <proxy> command is not supplied, the emulator looks up the http_proxy environment variable and automatically uses any value matching the <proxy> format described above.

-netdelay <delay> Set network latency emulation to <delay>. Default value is none. See the table in Network Delay Emulation for supported <delay> values.
-netfast Shortcut for -netspeed full -netdelay none  
-netspeed <speed> Set network speed emulation to <speed>. Default value is full. See the table in Network Speed Emulation for supported <speed> values.
-port <port> Set the console port number for this emulator instance to <port>. The console port number must be an even integer between 5554 and 5584, inclusive. <port>+1 must also be free and will be reserved for ADB.
-report-console <socket> Report the assigned console port for this emulator instance to a remote third party before starting the emulation. <socket> must use one of these formats:

tcp:<port>[,server][,max=<seconds>]
unix:<port>[,server][,max=<seconds>]

Use -help-report-console

to view more information about this topic.
System -cpu-delay <delay> Slow down emulated CPU speed by <delay> Supported values for <delay> are integers between 0 and 1000.

Note that the <delay> does not correlate to clock speed or other absolute metrics — it simply represents an abstract, relative delay factor applied non-deterministically in the emulator. Effective performance does not always scale in direct relationship with <delay> values.

-gps <device> Redirect NMEA GPS to character device. Use this command to emulate an NMEA-compatible GPS unit connected to an external character device or socket. The format of <device> must be QEMU-specific serial device specification. See the documentation for 'serial -dev' at https://www.bellard.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC10.
-nojni Disable JNI checks in the Dalvik runtime. 
-qemu Pass arguments to qemu.  
-qemu -h Display qemu help.
-radio <device> Redirect radio mode to the specified character device. The format of <device> must be QEMU-specific serial device specification. See the documentation for 'serial -dev' at https://www.bellard.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC10.
-timezone <timezone> Set the timezone for the emulated device to <timezone>, instead of the host's timezone. <timezone> must be specified in zoneinfo format. For example:

"America/Los_Angeles"
"Europe/Paris"

-version Display the emulator's version number.  
UI -dpi-device <dpi> Scale the resolution of the emulator to match the screen size of a physical device. The default value is 165. See also -scale.
-no-boot-anim Disable the boot animation during emulator startup. Disabling the boot animation can speed the startup time for the emulator.
-no-window Disable the emulator's graphical window display.  
-scale <scale> Scale the emulator window. <scale> is a number between 0.1 and 3 that represents the desired scaling factor. You can also specify scale as a DPI value if you add the suffix "dpi" to the scale value. A value of "auto" tells the emulator to select the best window size.
-raw-keys Disable Unicode keyboard reverse-mapping.  
-noskin Don't use any emulator skin.  
-keyset <file> Use the specified keyset file instead of the default. The keyset file defines the list of key bindings between the emulator and the host keyboard. For more information, use -help-keyset to print information about this topic.
-onion <image> Use overlay image over screen. No support for JPEG. Only PNG is supported.
-onion-alpha <percent> Specify onion skin translucency value (as percent). Default is 50.
-onion-rotation <position> Specify onion skin rotation. <position> must be one of the values 0, 1, 2, 3.
-skin <skinID> Start the emulator with the specified skin. The standard Android platforms includes a choice of four skins:
  • HVGA-L (480x320, landscape)
  • HVGA-P (320x480, portrait) (default)
  • QVGA-L (320x240, landscape)
  • QVGA-P (240x320, portrait)
  • -skindir <dir> Search for emulator skins in <dir>.  
    Android Development
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